Natural disasters drive insurance premium increases in affected areas for three years and cause delayed, smaller rises in unaffected areas. Insurers also adjust rejection rates, particularly in low-income regions. Financial constraints influence cost distribution, raising concerns about equity and affordability as climate risks grow and insurers adapt pricing strategies.
The insurance sector faces pressure from rising catastrophic risks, leading to higher premiums and policy non-renewals. This paper proposes an arbitrage-free method for pricing catastrophe reinsurance using the compound dynamic contagion process and Esscher transform. The findings help insurers assess liabilities amid emerging risks like climate change, cyberattacks, and pandemics.
Significant risk transfer (SRT) securitization is increasingly used by major EU banks for risk and capital management. It provides flexible, reasonably priced capital, improving balance sheets and capital ratios. Supervisors assess risk transfer for capital relief. The SRT market has grown substantially and is a key tool for European banks.
The EBA published final draft ITS for a Pillar 3 data hub, centralizing prudential disclosures. It outlines IT solutions, data formats, and validations. A transition period runs from June to December 2025. A pilot exercise informed the final ITS, with onboarding details expected by Q1 2025.
The EU AI Act's implementation begins after a 3-year legislative journey, requiring national authorities to clarify and enforce it. This policy brief outlines Belgium's tasks under the Act, including scope application, exemptions, and the designation of competent authorities to manage AI-related responsibilities.
FINRA's 2025 guidance emphasizes robust third-party risk management due to increased cyberattacks and outages. Firms must strengthen vendor oversight, enhance incident response planning, address fourth-party risks, and adapt to emerging risks like generative AI. Key steps include updating contracts, due diligence, training, and maintaining a vendor inventory.
The EBA amended its ICT and security risk management guidelines due to DORA. The guidelines now apply only to entities covered by DORA (credit institutions, payment institutions, etc.) and focus solely on payment service user relationship management. PSD2 security and operational risk requirements still apply to other payment service providers not under DORA.
This paper introduces "co-opetition" (combining competition and cooperation) to reinsurance risk-sharing. A two-layer game-theoretic framework models insurer-reinsurer contracting and price competition (Stackelberg-Nash), followed by collaborative risk-sharing. The model, using mean-variance preferences, yields explicit equilibrium results, demonstrating the feasibility of analyzing complex reinsurance market dynamics. Future research could explore different preferences, premium principles, and market structures.
This paper explores continuous-time mean-variance reinsurance with heterogeneous beliefs, a novel approach. It finds complex optimal contracts, beyond standard types, and proves their uniqueness. Specific forms emerge under different belief assumptions. Critically, it shows this model better reflects real-world insurer decisions than models ignoring belief differences.
AI is transforming finance, enhancing efficiency while introducing risks like cyber threats and bias. The EU’s AI Act regulates high-risk AI in credit and insurance. Financial institutions must integrate AI responsibly, ensuring transparency and fairness. Supervisors like ACPR will enforce compliance, fostering trust and innovation through collaboration and governance.